Village of Waterford - Definitions

Accessory use, building or structure A use, building or structure on the same lot with and subordinate to the main use, building, or structure and customarily incidental thereto. An automobile trailer or other vehicle or part thereof, or other building used as a temporary or permanent dwelling or lodging place shall not be considered an accessory building or use.

Acreage, net The area of a parcel being developed for a development project including the open space required by the zoning district

Acreage, net The area of a parcel being developed for a development project including the open space required by the zoning district.

Adult bath house An establishment or business which provides the services of baths of all kinds, including all forms and methods of hydrotherapy, that is not operated by a medical practitioner or a professional physical therapist licensed by the state and which establishment provides to its patrons an opportunity for engaging in specified sexual activities.

Adult body painting studio An establishment or business wherein patrons are afforded an opportunity to paint images on a specified anatomical area. For purposes of this chapter, the adult body painting studio shall not be deemed to include a tattoo parlor.

Adult bookstore An establishment or business having a substantial or significant portion of its stock and trade in books, magazines, and other periodicals which are distinguished or characterized by their emphasis on matter depicting, describing or relating to specified sexual activities or specified anatomical areas.

Adult booth Any area of an adult establishment set off from the remainder of such establishment by one or more walls or other dividers or partitions and used to show, play, or otherwise demonstrate any adult materials or to view any live performance that is distinguished or characterized by an emphasis on the exposure, depiction, or description of specified anatomical areas or the conduct or simulation of specified sexual activities.

Adult cabaret Any nightclub, bar, restaurant, or similar commercial establishment which features: (A) Live performances which are characterized or distinguished by the exposure of specified anatomical areas or the removal of articles of clothing; or (B) Films, motion pictures, videocassettes, digital video disks, video reproductions, slides or other visual presentations which are distinguished or characterized by depicting or describing specified sexual activities or specified anatomical areas.

Adult establishment Shall mean and include but is not limited to an adult bookstore, adult motion-picture theater (indoor or outdoor), adult mini-motion-picture theater, adult video store, adult bath house, adult motel, adult theater, adult novelty shop, adult massage parlor, adult modeling studio, adult body painting studio, and adult cabaret.

Adult massage parlor An establishment or business with or without sleeping accommodations which provides services, including any method of rubbing, pressing, stroking, kneading, tapping, pounding, vibrating or stimulating a specified anatomical area with the hands or with any instruments, heat and light treatments of the body, and all forms and methods of physiotherapy not operated by a medical practitioner or professional physical therapist licensed by the state.

Adult mini-motion-picture theater An enclosed building with a capacity for fewer than 50 persons used for presenting materials distinguished or characterized by an emphasis on matter depicting, describing or relating to specified sexual activities or specified anatomical areas for observation by patrons therein.

Adult modeling studio Any establishment or business where a person who displays specified anatomical areas is provided to be observed, sketched, drawn, painted, sculptured, photographed, or similarly depicted by other persons who pay money or any form of consideration. Adult modeling studios shall not include a proprietary school licensed by the State of Wisconsin or a college, technical college, or university; or in a structure: (A) That has no sign visible from the exterior of the structure and no other advertising that indicates a nude or semi-nude person is available for viewing; and (B) Where, in order to participate in a class, a student must enroll at least three days in advance of the class; and (C) Where no more than one nude or semi-nude model is on the premises at any one time.

Adult motel A hotel, motel, or similar commercial establishment which: (A) Offers accommodations to the public for any form of consideration; provides patrons with closed-circuit television transmissions, films, motion pictures, videocassettes, slides, or other photographic reproductions which are characterized by the depiction or description of specified sexual activities or specified anatomical areas; and has a sign visible from the public right-of-way which advertises the availability of this adult-type of photographic reproductions; or (B) Offers a sleeping room for rent for a period of time that is less than 10 hours; or (C) Allows a tenant or occupant of a sleeping room to subrent the room for a period of time that is less than 10 hours.

Adult motion-picture theater An enclosed building with a capacity of 50 or more persons used for presenting material distinguished or characterized by an emphasis on matter depicting, describing or relating to specified sexual activities or specified anatomical areas for observation by patrons therein.

Adult motion-picture theater (outdoor) A parcel of land from which individuals may view a motion picture presented out of doors which presents material distinguishably characterized by an emphasis on matter depicting, describing or relating to a specified sexual activity or specified anatomical areas.

Adult novelty shop An establishment or business having a substantial or significant portion of its stock and trade in novelty or other items which are distinguished or characterized by their emphasis on or designed for specified sexual activity or stimulating such activity.

Adult theater A theater, concert hall, auditorium, or similar commercial establishment which regularly features persons who appear in a state of nudity or semi-nudity, or live performances which are characterized by the exposure of specified anatomical areas or by specified sexual activities.

Adult video store An establishment or business having a substantial or significant portion of its stock and trade for sale or rental of motion pictures or other visual media which are distinguished or characterized by their emphasis on matter depicting, describing or relating to specified sexual activities or specified anatomical areas.

Advertising, outdoor Any structure or device arranged, intended, designed or used as an announcement, declaration, demonstration, display, illustration, indication, symbol, insignia or emblem used to advertise, identify or promote the interests of any person, when the same is placed out-of-doors in view of the general public, including the supports, uprights, bracing, framework and trim.

Airport Any airport which complies with the definition contained in Wis. Stat. § 114.002(7), or any airport which serves or offers to serve common carriers engaged in air transport.

Alley A street or thoroughfare 30 feet wide or less and affording only secondary access to abutting property.

Ammunition Firearm cartridges and shotgun shells.

Aquifer A saturated permeable geologic formation that contains and will yield significant quantities of water.

Architectural or aesthetic fence A fence constructed to enhance the appearance of the structure or the landscape.

Automobile wrecking yard Any premises on which more than one automotive vehicle, not in running or operative condition, is stored in the open.

Banner See "temporary sign."

Basement A story partly or wholly underground. The height of a basement shall be the vertical distance between the surface of the basement floor and the floor next above it.

Billboard (A) Outdoor advertising on a board, poster, panel, structure or device of any kind used or intended to be used for advertising or display painted thereon, or for the affixment, attachment or support of printed or painted posters or other advertising matter, and constructed, erected and located on any premises or attached to a wall or placed on the roof of a building or structure not owned or occupied by the person for whose use such billboard is constructed, erected, located or attached, and when used for purposes other than advertising the business conducted on such premises or in such building or structure. No billboard may be erected without Plan Commission approval. (B) Such outdoor advertising constructed, erected and located as above, used to advertise the business conducted on a premises or in a building or structure, shall be deemed a sign.

Boundary fence A fence placed on or near the property lines of adjacent properties.

Box sign A sign consisting of a frame into which an interchangeable acrylic panel (or panel of similar material) is inserted.

Building, height of The vertical distance from the average curb level in front of the lot or the finished grade at the front building line, whichever is higher, to the highest point of a flat, gambrel, hip or gable roof.

Building, main A building constituting the principal use of a lot.

Canopy sign A sign attached to or supported by a canopy.

Class 1 "functional" lighting All outdoor lighting used for, but not limited to, outdoor sales or eating areas, assembly, advertising and other signs, recreational facilities and other similar applications where color rendition is important to preserve the effectiveness of the activity.

Class 2 "safety" lighting All outdoor lighting used for, but not limited to, illumination for walkways, roadways, equipment yards, parking lots and outdoor security where general illumination for safety or security of the grounds is the primary concern.

Class 3 "decorative" lighting Any outdoor lighting used for decorative effects including, but not limited to, architectural illumination, flag and monument lighting, and illumination of trees, bushes, etc.

Combustible material, approved Wood, combustible plastics or other rigid material impervious to water.

Combustible plastics, approved Only those combustible plastic materials which, when tested in accordance with the ASTM Standard Method of Testing for Flammability of Plastics over 0.050 inches in Thickness D635 (latest revision), burn no faster than 2.5 inches per minute in sheets of 0.060 inch thickness.

Commercial or industrial vehicle Unless otherwise specifically provided, in this chapter a "commercial" or "industrial" vehicle is a vehicle used primarily in connection with a business or trade, regardless of the actual weight or gross vehicle weight rating of the vehicle.

Cone of depression The area around a well, in which the water level has been lowered at least one foot by pumping of the well.

Development Any man-made change to improved or unimproved real estate, including but not limited to construction of or additions or substantial improvements to buildings, other structures, or accessory uses, mining, dredging, filling, grading, paving, excavation or drilling operations or disposition of materials.

Development project Any residential, commercial, industrial or mixed use subdivision plan or development plan that is submitted to the Village for approval.

Development regulations As used in Section 245-10F(3), the part of this chapter that applies to elements including but not limited to setback, height, lot coverage, side yard, frontage, lot width, area, yard, parking, or loading requirements.

Direct illumination Illumination resulting from light emitted directly from a lamp or luminaire, not light diffused through translucent signs or reflected from other surfaces such as the ground or building faces.

Display surface The surface made available on the sign or billboard structure, either for the direct mounting of letters and decorations, or for the mounting of facing material intended to carry the entire advertising message.

District, basic A part or parts of the village for which the regulations of this chapter governing the use and location of land and buildings are uniform (such as the residential, commercial, and industrial district classifications).

District, overlay Overlay districts allow for superimposing certain additional requirements or uses upon a basic zoning district which are compatible with the basic district. If there are conflicting requirements, those which are stricter shall apply.

Established grade immediately below The distance from the bottom of the sign or other projection to the established grade immediately below is measured from the elevation immediately adjacent to the face of the building to which the sign or other projection is attached.

Exception The use of property, including the use and location of buildings, the size of lots and the dimensions of required yards, otherwise not allowable under the terms of this chapter which is permissible by reason of special provisions of this chapter, or for which a special permit may be issued by the Board of Appeals under conditions specified in this chapter.

Explosives Anything manufactured, processed or packaged for exploding, but not including ammunition, novelty fireworks, statutory fireworks, fuel or a lubricant, flares used, possessed or sold for use as a signal in an emergency or in the operation of a railway, aircraft, watercraft or motor vehicle, matches, cigarette lighters, stoves, furnaces, candles, lanterns, space heaters, model rocket engines, tobacco, and tobacco products.

Facing The surface of the sign or billboard upon, against or through which the message of the sign or billboard is exhibited.

Family The body of persons who live together in one dwelling unit as a single housekeeping entity.

Fence An enclosed barrier consisting of wood, stone, metal, wire, composite, and/or plastic material intended to prevent ingress and egress.

Five-year time of travel The recharge area upgradient of the cone of depression, the outer boundary of which it is determined or estimated that groundwater will take five years to reach a pumping well.

Fixture An article in the nature of personal property which has been so annexed to the realty that it is regarded as a part of the real property. That which is fixed or attached to something permanently as an appendage and is not removable. A thing is deemed to be affixed to real property when it is attached to it by roots, imbedded in it, permanently resting upon it, or permanently attached to what is thus permanent, as by means of cement, plaster, nails, bolts, or screws. Goods are fixtures when they become so related to particular real estate that an interest in them arises under real estate law, e.g., a furnace affixed to a house or other building, counters permanently affixed to the floor of a store, or a sprinkler system installed in a building. A sign permanently affixed to the land or a structure is a fixture.

Footcandle A unit of light expressed in lumens per square foot.

Frontage All the property abutting on one side of a street between two intersecting streets or all of the property abutting on one side of a street between an intersecting street and the dead end of a street.

Frontage, reversed Frontage facing at right or approximate right angles to each other within the same block.

Fully shielded fixture or full cutoff fixture An outdoor light fixture shielded in such a manner that 100 percent of all light emitted by the fixture, either directly from the lamp or indirectly from the fixture, is projected below the horizontal plane as determined by photometric test or certified by the manufacturer.

Garage, private Any building or portion thereof, accessory to a residential building or structure, for the storage of motor-driven vehicles. See � 245-10h.

Garage, public Any building or premises, other than a private or a storage garage, where motor-driven vehicles are equipped, repaired, serviced, hired, sold or stored.

Garage, storage Any building or premises used for the storage only of motor-driven vehicles, pursuant to previous arrangements and not to transients, where no equipment, parts, fuel, grease or oil is sold and vehicles are not equipped, serviced, repaired, hired or sold.

Glare Intense light from an illumination source that may result in visual impairment or discomfort to the average person. Lighting installed in conformance with this Article should not be considered to cause glare unless unforeseen circumstances or conditions are discovered during or after installation.

Ground sign, ground billboard or monument sign A sign or billboard which is supported by uprights, braces, columns or pillars in or upon the ground. (See "projecting sign.")

Hedge A row of bushes or small trees planted close together which may form a barrier, enclosure or boundary.

Height The height of a light structure shall be the vertical distance between the uppermost extremity of any light structure, pole or supporting member and the grade level.

Hood sign A sign attached to or supported by a hood.

Hotel A building in which lodging, with or without meals, is offered to transient guests for compensation and in which there are more than five sleeping rooms with no cooking facilities in any room or apartment.

Junkyard Any premises on which there is an accumulation of scrap metal, paper, rags, glass, scrap lumber or other scrap materials stored or customarily stored for salvage or sale, unless such accumulation shall be housed in a completely enclosed building.

Letters and decorations The letters, illustrations, symbols, figures, insignia and other devices employed to express and illustrate the advertising message.

Light source A single artificial source of luminescence.

Loading space An off-street space or berth on the same lot with a building, or contiguous to a group of buildings and abutting on or affording direct access to a public street or alley, for the temporary parking of a commercial vehicle while loading or unloading cargo.

Lodging house A building other than a hotel where lodging only is provided for not more than five persons not members of a family.

Lot A parcel of land having a width and depth sufficient to provide the space necessary for one main building and its accessory buildings, together with the open spaces required by this chapter and abutting on a public street or officially approved place.

Lot lines The lines bounding a lot as defined herein.

Lot, corner A lot abutting on two or more streets at their intersection.

Lot, interior A lot other than a corner lot.

Lot, through An interior lot having frontage on two nonintersecting streets.

Lot, width of The least horizontal distance between the side lines of a lot, measured at the setback line of the required front yard.

Lumen The unit used to measure the actual amount of light that is produced by a lamp. For all lamp types and sources, the initial output, as defined by the lamp or source manufacturer, is the value to be considered.

Luminaire The complete lighting unit consisting of a lamp or lamps together with the parts designed to distribute the light, to position and protect the lamps and to connect the lamps to the power supply.

Marquee sign A sign attached to or supported by a marquee.

Measurement For the purposes of this Article, unless otherwise stated, illumination levels shall be measured at a point three feet above grade with the measuring device aimed directly at the light source(s) being measured. Measurements shall be taken using baffles or shields to separate the sources(s) under review from other existing or ambient sources such as streetlights, in a manner that eliminates to the greatest extent possible other light sources.

Multi-class lighting Any outdoor lighting used for more than one purpose, such as security and decoration, such that its use falls under the definition of two or more classes as defined for Class 1, 2 and 3 lighting. All multi-class lighting shall comply with the most restrictive class of which it falls under.

Municipal water supply The municipal water supply of the Village of Waterford.

Nonconforming structure A building, premises, structure or fixture that does not conform to one or more of the area requirements set forth for the zoning district in which it is located, including but limited to nonconformance with setback, yard, height, parking, loading, access, or lot area per family regulations. See chapter 256 for nonconforming structures in the floodplain districts.

Nonconforming structure A dwelling or other building that existed lawfully before the current Zoning Code was adopted or amended, but that does not conform with one or more of the development regulations, including setback, height, lot coverage, and side yard, in the current code.

Nonconforming use A building, premises, structure, fixture, land or water lawfully used or occupied at the time of the adoption of this chapter (December 13, 1982) or amendment thereto, which use or occupancy does not conform to the use regulations of this chapter or any amendments thereto. See chapter 256 for nonconforming uses in the floodplain districts.

Novelty fireworks See §132-2 of the municipal code.

Novelty fireworks, commercial See §132-2 of the municipal code.

Opaque Opaque means that material must not transmit light from an internal illumination source.

Outdoor light fixture Outdoor electrically powered illuminating devices, outdoor lighting or reflective surfaces, lamps and similar devices, either permanently installed or portable, which are used for illumination or advertisement. Such devices shall include, but are not limited to, linear strip lights, search lights, spot lights and flood lights for buildings and structures; recreational areas; parking lot areas; landscape and architectural lighting; signs (advertising or other); or product display areas.

Outdoor light output, total The maximum total amount of light, measured in lumens, from all outdoor light fixtures. For all lamp types and sources, the initial output, as defined by the lamp or source manufacturer, is the value to be considered.

Parking lot A building or premises containing one or more parking spaces, open to the public free or for a fee.

Parking space An unobstructed piece of ground or floor space sufficient for the temporary storage of one automobile. Each such parking space shall be located off the public street but accessible thereto, and shall be at least the size set forth in § 245-15B(2), exclusive of the means of ingress and egress. A loading space is not a parking space.

Partially shielded fixture or cutoff fixture An outdoor light fixture shielded in such a manner that more than zero but less than ten percent of the light emitted directly from the lamp or indirectly from the fixture is projected at angles above the horizontal, as determined by photometric test or certified by the manufacturer.

Pole sign A sign or billboard which is supported by one or more columns or pillars in or upon the ground.

Portable sign A sign which is actually moved or can be easily moved from one place to another in normal use.

Projecting sign A sign affixed or attached directly to the exterior wall of a building or structure and extending more than 10 inches beyond a street line and/or building. When any part of a ground or pole sign extends beyond a street line, such sign shall be deemed to be a projecting sign.

Protected natural area Resources such as floodways, flood-fringes, floodplain, conservancy areas, wetlands, woodlands, steep slopes, and environmental corridors that are protected by the provisions of this chapter.

Protective fence A fence constructed to enclose a hazard to the public health, safety and welfare.

Recharge area In general, the recharge area is the area which encompasses all areas or features that, by surface infiltration of water that reaches the zone of saturation of an aquifer, supplies groundwater to a well. The minimum separation distance between a well and certain potential contaminants is 1,200 feet, and, where the actual recharge area is less than 1,200 feet from a well, "recharge area" as used herein includes all of those areas lying within 1,200 feet from a well or within the five-year time of travel, whichever is greater.

Roof sign or roof billboard A sign or billboard erected, constructed and maintained on or above the roof of any building or structure.

Setback The minimum horizontal distance between the street line and the nearest part of the building measured to the foundation, excluding only overhangs and uncovered steps.

Sign Any structure, device or display that is arranged, intended or designed as an announcement, declaration, demonstration, illustration, indication, symbol, insignia, banner or emblem and which is used for advertisement, identification or promotion when placed so as to be seen from out of doors by the general public. "Sign" includes not only the display area but also structural supports, uprights, bracing, framework and trim. This definition shall include searchlights and other lighted advertising displays.

Sign display area The display area of a sign shall be measured as the area, in square feet, of the smallest rectilinear polygon, with a maximum of eight sides, that describes the portion of the sign which encloses all lettering, wording, design, and symbols together with any background that, through the use of illumination, color or other techniques, helps the sign stand out from its surroundings. Where a sign has multiple display surfaces and any two of these display surfaces are parallel and face in opposite directions, only one of the parallel display surfaces is included when calculating the display area. For an internally illuminated awning or marquee sign, the display area shall be calculated as the height of the awning or marquee multiplied by its width.

Sign, permanent A sign permanently attached to the land or a structure by means of concrete, plaster, nails, bolts, screws or other material, or painted on or etched into the exterior of a window.

Sign, temporary A sign constructed of cloth, canvas, fabric, paper, cardboard, plastic, wood or other material and not permanently attached to the land or a structure.

Specified anatomical areas (A) Less than completely and opaquely covered: (1) Human genitals, pubic region; (2) Buttock; (3) Female breast below a point immediately above the top of the areola; or (B) Human male genitals in a discernibly turgid state even if completely and opaquely covered.

Specified sexual activities (A) Human genitals in a state of sexual stimulation or arousal; (B) Acts of human masturbation, sexual intercourse, or sodomy; or (C) Fondling or other erotic touching of human genitals, pubic region, buttock, or female breast.

Statutory fireworks See § 132-2 of the municipal code.

Steep slopes Areas which contain a gradient of 12% or greater.

Story That portion of a building including between the surface of a floor and the surface of the floor next above it or, if there be no floor above it, the space between the floor and the ceiling next above it.

Story, half A space under any roof except a flat roof which, if occupied for dwelling purposes, shall be construed to be a full story for the purposes of this chapter.

Street All property dedicated or intended for public or private street purposes or subject to public easements therefor.

Street line A dividing line between a lot, tract or parcel of land and a contiguous street.

Structural alterations Any change in the supporting members of a building or any change in the roof structure or in the exterior walls.

Structure Anything constructed or erected, the use of which requires a permanent location on the ground or attachment or something having a permanent location on the ground. Arbors and trellises, flagpoles, light poles, basketball hoops and children's play structures (swing sets, jungle gyms and tree houses) shall not be defined as structures, but height and placement on a lot are subject to zoning regulation pursuant to § 245-10H of this Municipal Code.

Substantial improvement Any repair, reconstruction or improvement of a structure, the cost of which equals or exceeds 50% of the present equalized assessed value of the structure either before the improvement or repair is started or, if the structure has been damaged and is being restored, before the damage occurred. The term does not, however, include either: any project for improvement of a structure to comply with existing state or local health, sanitary or safety code specifications which are solely necessary to assure safe living conditions, or any alteration of a structure or site documented as deserving preservation by the State Historical Society or listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Ordinary maintenance repairs are not considered structural repairs, modifications or additions; such ordinary maintenance repairs include internal and external painting, decorating, paneling, and the replacement of doors, windows and other nonstructural components.

Temporary lighting Lighting that does not conform to the provisions of this Article and which will not be used for more than one 30-day period within a calendar year, with one 30-day extension. Temporary lighting is intended for uses that by their nature are of limited duration; e.g., civic events, or construction projects, not including exempt lighting listed in subsection 245-151. Temporary lighting requires approval by the Zoning Administrator.

Temporary structure A structure that is not permanently attached to the ground that is removed when the designated time period, activity or use for which the temporary structure was erected or placed has ceased.

Temporary use A use that is established for a limited duration with the intent to discontinue such use upon the expiration of the time period. A temporary use may not be permitted for more than 30 days unless specifically permitted in §245-10J.

Thirty-day time of travel The recharge area upgradient of a well, or its cone of depression, the outer boundary of which it is determined or estimated that groundwater will take 30 days to reach a pumping well.

Trim The moldings, battens, cappings, nailing strips, latticing and platforms which are attached to the sign or billboard structure.

Uniformity ratio The average illuminance shall not exceed minimum values by more than the product of the minimum value and the specified ratio.

Use, abandonment of The relinquishment of a property, or the cessation of a use or activity by the owner or tenant for a period of one year, excluding temporary or short term interruptions for the purpose of remodeling, maintaining, or otherwise improving or rearranging a facility. A use shall be deemed abandoned when such use is suspended as evidenced by the cessation of activities or conditions that constitute the principle use of the property.

Variance A departure from the terms of this chapter as applied to a specific building, structure or parcel of land, which the Board of Appeals may lawfully permit, and not in strict conformity with the regulations of this chapter.

Variance, area A modification of a dimensional, physical, or locational requirement such as setback, frontage, height, bulk, or density restriction for a structure.

Variance, use An authorization by the Board of Appeals for the use of land for a purpose that is otherwise not allowed or prohibited by the applicable zoning provision.

Vision clearance triangle That area enclosed by the lines formed by the outside edges of the intersecting pavements or driving surfaces and a straight line drawn diagonally across the corner, connecting those lines at the various distances specified in §245-13H. The measured distance along the pavement is the vision clearance distance. Measurement shall be from the point of intersection of the traveled surfaces.

Wall sign or wall billboard A sign or billboard affixed or attached directly to the exterior wall or fascia of a building or structure and extending not more than 10 inches beyond a street line.

Watt The unit used to measure the electrical power consumption of a lamp, or when describing a fixture, the fixture input wattage before ballast losses.

Window sign Any outdoor sign painted, posted, displayed, or etched in or on the surface of a window or a translucent or transparent surface of a door.

Window sign, permanent A window sign that is painted, etched, or otherwise permanently affixed to the exterior of a window or the translucent or transparent portion of a door. A neon sign placed on the exterior of a window is considered a permanent window sign.

Window sign, temporary A window sign that is posted or displayed on the exterior of a window or the translucent or transparent portion of a door and that is not permanently affixed, including but not limited to a cloth, canvas, fabric, paper, plastic, cardboard or wooden sign suspended into or from, taped to, or placed on the exterior of a window or window frame.

Woodlands Areas of trees whose combined canopies cover a minimum of 80% of an area of one acre or more, as shown on United States Geological Survey (USGS) topographic maps for the Village of Waterford.

Yard An open space on the same lot with a building, unoccupied and unobstructed from the ground upward except as otherwise provided herein.

Yard, front A yard extending the full width of the lot between the front lot line and the nearest part of the main building, excluding uncovered steps.

Yard, rear A yard extending the full width of the lot between the rear lot line and the nearest part of the main building, excluding uncovered steps; provided that if there be an alley abutting on a rear yard, the rear lot line shall be the center line of such alley.

Yard, side A yard extending from the front yard, or the front lot line if there be no front yard, to the rear yard, being the minimum horizontal distance between a building and the side lot line.

Zone of saturation The saturated zone is the area of unconsolidation, fractured or porous material that is saturated with water and constitutes groundwater.

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